3D City Models for Simulation & Training Requirements on Next Generation 3D City Models

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1 3D City Models for Simulation & Training Requirements on Next Generation 3D City Models Frank Bildstein Rheinmetall Defence Electronics Rheinmetall Defence Electronics GmbH, Bremen, 07/2005

2 Contents Applications for Simulator Training Typical components of Training Simulators Visual Databases - Elements - Source Data - Modeling Workflow Representation of Cities Contents Usability of 3D City Models - Advantages - Requirements Integration of 3D City Models into Modeling Workflow Referencing existing 3D-Model and Texture Libraries

Representation of Cities Contents Usability of 3D City Models - Advantages -

3 Typical Applications for Simulator Training Flight Simulation Driving Simulation Nautical Simulation Emergency Training / MOUT

4 Typical components of a Training Simulator Image Generator Projection system Switches Displays Steering wheel Pedals Visual data Control data Simulation computer Sound Gear Speaker cabin Virtual Database Instructor station Motion system

Visual data Control data Simulation computer Sound Gear

5 Application-specific requirements Application Training Area Main requirements on Visual Database Driving Simulation MOUT & Emergency Training km precise road networks traffic signs and signals, road markings training elements (roundabout, one-way) typical or specific scenery, landmarks 1 10 qkm high-detailled buildings with interior training elements (staircase, balcony etc.) functional elements (doors, windows) Flight Simulation Nautical Simulation n1000 qkm n1000 qkm geospecific imagery data realistic terrain coverage (navigational aids) high-detailed insets (airport, surrounding) correlation with nautical charts navigational aids, training elements (wreck) high-detailed insets (harbours, surrounding)

6 Components of Visual Databases Ground terrain Statical 3D models ( features ) Dynamical 3D models Textures Visual Database Control data for simulator software

7 Workflow 3D Model pool Source data (GIS, CAD, ) Source data editing Internal Format Texture pool Control data generation Polygon data generation Performance optimization 3D-Modeling Simulator Software Control data Visual Database Image Generator Texture Generation

Polygon data generation Performance optimization 3D-Modeling

8 Source Data Terrain-Data Aerial Imagery Coverage Data CAD-Data Photos / Videos Rules, Instructions, Measuring Data Brochures etc.

9 3D City models & Level of Detail (LOD) LOD definition for 3D City Models LODs used within Virtual Databases LOD 0 Regional 2.5D Digital model Terrain Model LOD 1 City/Site block model model w/o roof structure LOD 2 LOD 3 City/Site textured, with model roof structures City/Site detailed archimodel tecture model 871 Fading LOD 4 Interior walkable archimodel tecture model [aus: Gröger, Kolbe et al.: Das interoperable 3D-Stadtmodell der SIG 3D der GDI NRW ] each LOD can be used stand-alone smooth transition between LODs all LODs should use the same sources

structures City/Site detailed archimodel tecture model 871 Fading 294 84 LOD 4 Interior walkable archimodel tecture model [aus: Gröger, Kolbe

10 Visual Databases Flight simulation Urban region Visual Database Frankfurt/Main - Airport Visual Database Sample Pattern for Urban Areas Imagery with 3D models

11 Visual Databases Flight simulation a) Representation of cities in cruising area geospecifical imagery (aerial or satellite images) generic texture patterns (library of patterns for different kinds of usage and size) algorithmic representations which combine texture patterns and 3D features availability and cost of source data texture capabilities of image generator landmarks and navigational aids (pylons, chimneys, prominent buildings) b) Representation of cities within landing areas high-detailed representation of airport and its functional elements (as lights, markings) buildings along the runway and apron with correct shapes and adequate textures buildings partly with functional elements (e.g. passenger bridges) farther airport buildings are typically simplified or generalized surrounding with obstacles, landmarks, prominent buildings, roads, forests, lakes etc.

(pylons, chimneys, prominent buildings) b) Representation of cities within landing areas high-detailed representation of airport and its functional elements (as lights, markings) buildings along the

12 Visual Databases Flight simulation c) Usability of 3D city models cruising surrounding of airport / heliport airport apron, heliport d) Specific benefits helicopter databases with high detailed sceneries of real cities new training aspects like observation and tracing e) Requirements 3D city model must include LODs day and night representation with urban lights, illuminated objects accurate placement of airport objects, landmarks and navigational aids

training aspects like observation and tracing e) Requirements 3D city model must include LODs day and night

13 Driving simulation Driving Simulator Police car, emergency rides Driving Simulator Truck on wet road Berlin Visual Database

14 START Synthetic Terrain and Road Tool Editor Basic Elements Control Data

15 Visual Databases Driving simulation a) Representation of cities road network with intersections, places, roundabouts, footpathes etc. traffic-relevant street furniture like signs and signals, road markings, direction signs buildings are shown as 2D-facades or simple 3D buildings, partly with roof structures 3D-models for landmarks and typical furniture like trees, phone boxes, static people b) Usability of 3D city models basic driver training advanced training with special training elements c) Specific benefits periodical updates of source data

buildings, partly with roof structures 3D-models for landmarks and typical furniture like trees, phone boxes, static people b) Usability

16 Visual Databases Driving Simulation d) Requirements representation of day/night and summer/winter road networks, pedestrian/bicycle lanes, grass strips, traffic islands Nice-to-have : traffic signs and signals road markings direction signs street furniture (trees, street lights, phone boxes,.) metadata (driving lanes, classification of buildings, road names)

Nice-to-have : traffic signs and signals road markings direction signs street furniture

17 Visual Databases Nautical Simulation Bremerhaven Visual Database Bridge simulator Bergen Visual Database

18 Visual Databases Nautical Simulation a) Representation of cities 4 different levels of coverage: RADAR - only for radar information - contains no visible elements TRANSIT - more than 5 nm from coast - coastline and navigational aids COASTAL - more than 2 nm from coast - textures and some 3D landmarks BERTHING - for coastal waters and harbours - high density of features / textures b) Usability of 3D city models COASTAL level BERTHING level c) Specific benefits only few control data -> smooth integration into simulator application

coast - textures and some 3D landmarks BERTHING - for coastal waters and harbours - high density of features / textures b) Usability

19 Visual Databases Nautical Simulation d) Requirements representation of day/night and summer/winter consideration of waterways and constructions like bridges accurate representation of quay walls, river banks and soundings Nice-to-have : sluices navigational aids (buoys, lighthouses)

constructions like bridges accurate representation of quay walls,

20 Visual Databases Emergency / MOUT Tunnel Emergency Scenario a) Representation of cities small databases with only a few number of buildings high detailed sceneries buildings with interior representation functional elements (doors, fire extinguishers) b) Usability of 3D city models surrounding (approach) outdoor training indoor training

buildings with interior representation functional elements (doors, fire

21 Visual Databases Emergency / MOUT c) Specific benefits detailed architecture model (LOD3) and walkable models (LOD4) d) Requirements online transition between LOD3 (exterior model) and LOD4 (interior model) congruency between LODs Nice-to-have : safety-relevant features (fire extinguishers, escape routes)

22 Usability of 3D city models - Outline Flight simulation Maritime simulation Driving simulation Emergency & MOUT LOD 0 Regional 2.5D Digital model Terrain Model LOD 1 City/Site block model model w/o roof structure Cruise LOD 2 City/Site textured, with model roof structures Approach Cruise Basic Driving LOD 3 City/Site detailed archimodel tecture model Landing Take-Off Anchore Special Training Elements Outdoor LOD 4 Interior walkable archimodel tecture model Indoor

23 Integration into Modeling Workflow 3D City model Source data (GIS, CAD, ) Source data editing Internal Format?? 3D Model pool Texture pool Control data generation Polygon data generation Performance optimization 3D-Modeling Simulator Software Control data Visual Database Image Generator Texture Generation

24 3D Model Library Furniture Trees Signs and Signals Buildings People and Animals Vehicles

25 Texture Library Office buildings Ground Textures Shops Unique Facades Fences, hedges etc. Residential Houses

26 Referencing Libraries by Metadata Metadata Color Epoch Usage Imagery - specific - typical = Brown = Modern = Office Color Epoch Usage Color Epoch Usage Color Epoch Usage = Brown = Modern = Office = Brown = Modern = Residential = Brown = Ancient = Office Attribute catalogue 3D City model Texture Library

27 Many thanks for your attention ( and questions)! Frank Bildstein Head of Database Generation Visual Databases for Driving & Flight Simulation Rheinmetall Defence Electronics GmbH Brüggeweg Bremen Germany [email protected]

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