Dinamica degli inquinanti
|
|
|
- Henry Wells
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Dinamica degli inquinanti Characterization techniques Renato Baciocchi University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
2 Characterization techniques Preparation Water content Loss on Ignition, LOI Alkaline extraction technique: elemental composition Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, AAS: elemental composition X-Ray Diffraction, XRD: crystalline phases detection Thermo Gravimetric Analysis, TGA/DTA Raman Spectroscopy Results (MSWI BA/APC Steel Slags)
3 Preparation Quartering procedure Removal of visually oversized particles Size classification (ASTM sieves) Several granulometric classes obtained
4 Water content Performed in 3-replicates on each granulometric class A 25 g sample is dried at 60 C (at least 24 h) Cooling down (10 min) in a dessiccator w = Mtot w, sample water content M totw, weight of the wet sample + container M totd, weight of the dry sample + container t, container weight M campw, wet sample weight t M campd, dry sample weight M w, weight of water in the sample w Mtot d Mtot d Mw 100 = 100 Mcamp d
5 Loss on Ignition (LOI) Provides an estimate of the content of: -graviticwater - chemically bound water (crystalline/hydroxide) -CO 2, SO 2 and other pyrolitic volatile compounds - organic matter A 1 g sample is put in a muffle oven (30 min at 400 C + 20 min at 1000 C) After cooling down sample stored in a dessiccator and weight LOI = Mtot Mtot 100 LOI, Loss on ignition M toti, weight of the original sample + container M totf, weight of the sample after treatment + container i Mcamp i f
6 Alkaline extraction Allows the quantitative extraction of elements into the aqueous phase 0.5 g sample are placed in a Pt-crucible and mixed with 3.0 g LiB g LiB 4 is finally added to reduce the fusion temperature of the solid Samples are put in a muffle oven at 1050 C for 2 hours After cooling the crucible is placed in a 2L beaker 10% HNO3 solution is added to the beaker so to cover the sample The system is kept under moderate mixing at 60 C untill the solid is dissolved completely (about 12 hours) The obtained solution is filtered and the solution mixed with nitric acid used to wash the beaker (total volume 200ml) The solution is then analyzed by AAS The procedure is usually repeated in triplicate for each sample
7 Chlorides content The Italian Standard Procedure UNI 8520/IRSA is followed A 5 g sample is mixed with 200 ml distilled water and brought to boiling point The system is kept under mixing for 2 hours (slightly below the boiling point) The system is then decanted for 10 min and the solution filtered The solution is diluted before titration, depending on the expected concentration (1:2-1:10 dilution can be used) and a drop of indicator (K 2 CrO 4 ) is added. Titration is made adding a volume of a 0,1 N AgNO 3 solution until colour change is observed, thus provinding the equivalents of chloride V N V N = AgNO 3 AgNO 3 = Cl Cl n equvalenti
8 Sulphates content The Italian Standard Procedure UNI 8520/IRSA are followed A 5 g sample is mixed with 150 ml distilled water and brought to boiling point After 30 min, 30 ml 18% HCl solution are added and left boiling for 10 min Glycerine solution (1:1 in water), NaCl solution( 50 g in 250 ml water/10 ml HCl) are prepared and then mixed (1:2 volume ratio) BaCl 2 solution (22.5g hydrated salt in 250 ml water) is prepared Mix and stir: 30 ml sample + 10 ml Gly/NaCl solution + 5 ml BaCl 2 solution A BaSO 4 solution is formed and stabilized by NaCl/Gly Settle for 15 min then stir for 15s and pour the solution immediately into the AAS vial (precipitation must be avoided) An AAS calibration curve with sodium sulphate is previously prepared
9 Carbonates content The CO 2 evolved by reaction of carbonates with HCl is measured Ambient P and T are measured The sample weight to be used is given by a proper table. The sample is added to bottle A 10 ml HCl (37%) is also added to bottle A The CO 2 volume evolved is measured on the graduated tube B The carbonate content is readily calculated
10 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) The XRD technique is based on the Bragg law
11 TGA
12 Characterization of alkaline residues Materials Bottom Ash (BA) from a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) (Rome, I) Slags from a Stainless Steel Industry (Mix from landfill) (Italy) Air Pollution Control (APC) residues from a medical waste incinerator (Rome, I)
13 MSWI BA characterization Particle size distribution Weight %
14 MSWI BA characterization Size classification Name Particle Size Weight fraction(%) Oversize >12 mm 4,74 CLASS A 5,6<d<12 mm 27,60 CLASS B 2<d<5,6 mm 34,63 CLASS C 0,425<d<2 mm 26,98 CLASS D 0,150<d<0,425 mm 4,96 CLASS E d<0,150 mm 0,87
15 MSWI BA characterization Elemental composition: macro-elements Concentrazione (%) Ca Al Fe Mg Na K
16 MSWI BA characterization Elemental composition: micro-elements Concentrazione (mg/kg) Mo Cu Zn Pb Cr Mn Ni Sb V
17 MSWI BA characterization 600 XRD Class D 500 Relative intensity (%) Class D Calcium hydroxide theta
18 MSWI BA characterization 600 XRD Class D 500 Relative intensity (%) Class D Hydrocalumite theta
19 MSWI BA characterization 700 XRD Class D Relative intensity (%) Class D Calcite theta
20 MSWI BA characterization 600 XRD Class D 500 Relative intensity (%) Class D Forsterite theta
21 MSWI BA characterization 600 XRD Class D 500 Relative intensity (%) Class D Calcium silicate theta
22 MSWI BA characterization XRD Class D Relative intensity (%) Class D Ghelenite theta
23 MSWI BA characterization XRD Class D Relative Intensity (%) Classe D Hydrocalumite Calcium Hydroxide Forsterite Calcite Ghelenite Calcium silicate Quartz Hematite Calcium silicate 2 Silicato di calcio 2 Anorthoclasium Theta ( )
24 MSWI BA characterization XRD Class A CLASSE A (5,6<d<12 mm) Relative Intensity (%) Classe A Hydrocalumite Calcium hydroxide Quartz Calcite Calcium silicate Ghelenite Forsterite Hematite Anorthyte Calcium silicate Theta ( )
25 MSWI BA characterization XRD ghelenite MAIN PHASES Large size fractions (A-C) - Ghelenite Intensità Ca(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 ghelenite - Silicates A Smaller size fractions (D-E) - Hydrocalumite - Calcite - Ca(OH) 2 (products of hydration and carbonation) Theta ( ) Hydrocalumite Calcite B C D E
26 MSWI BA characterization Raman Class D zona chiara zona nera Intensity (arb. units) Intensity (arb. units) Raman shift (cm -1 ) Raman shift (cm -1 ) zona rossa Intensity (arb. units) Raman shift (cm -1 ) Raman shift (cm -1 )
27 MSWI BA characterization Raman Class D (view b) a Intensity (arb. units) b Amorphous C (1500 cm -1 ) Calcite (inset a) Ghelenite (inset b) Olivine (inset c) Intensity (arb. units) Raman 600 shift (cm ) Raman shift (cm -1 ) c Raman shift (cm -1 ) Raman shift (cm -1 )
28 MSWI BA characterization Raman Class A (view b) a Intensity (arb. units) b Amorphous C (1500 cm -1 ) Calcite (inset a) Ghelenite (inset b) Olivine (inset c) Intensity (arb. units) Raman 600 shift (cm ) Raman shift (cm -1 ) c Raman shift (cm -1 ) Raman shift (cm -1 )
29 Stainless Steel Slags characterization Size classification 50 A Weight fraction (%) D C B 0 d< <d< <d< <d<2000 Particle size (micron)
30 Stainless Steel Slags characterization Elemental composition: macro-elements % 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 Classe D tal quale Classe C tal quale Classe B tal quale Classe A tal quale Al Ca Cr Fe Mg Mn
31 Stainless Steel Slags characterization Elemental composition: micro-elements 0,25 0,2 0,15 Classe D tal quale Classe C tal quale Classe B tal quale Classe A tal quale % 0,1 0,05 0 As Cd Cu K Mo Na Ni Pb Sb V Zn
32 Stainless Steel Slags characterization XRD Ca,Al,FeO CaCO 3 Classe D Classe C Classe B Classe A Arb. Units Ca 2 (SiO) 4 MgO theta
33 Stainless Steel Slags characterization XRD Legend Mineral Formula a Calcium silicate Ca 2 (SiO 4 ) b Forsterite Mg 2 (SiO 4 ) c Periclasium MgO d Quartz SiO 2 e Anorthite Ca(Al 2 Si 2 O 8 ) f Ca,Al, Fe oxide Ca 12 Al 113,8 Fe 0,14 O 32 g Cr, Mg oxide MgCr 2 O 4 h Cristobalite SiO 2 j Calcium carbonate CaCO 3 k Gehlenite Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 n Calcium silicate Ca 2 (SiO 4 ) o Akermanite Ca 2 Mg(Si 2 O 7 ) p Cuspidine Ca 4 Si 2 O 7 (F,OH) 2 q Magnetite Fe 3 O 4 r Merwinite Ca 3 Mg(SiO 4 )
34 MSWI APC characterization Elemental composition and anion content Concentration (mg/kg) ~ 35% Al Ca Fe K Mg Na Si Cd Cr Cu Mn Ni Pb Zn Cl SO4 calcium speciation Content (%w/w) ~ 75% Ca(OH)2 CaCl(OH) CaCO3 CaSO4 from TG analysis, CaCl(OH) content and calcimetry from Cl - content, leaching results and XRD analysis from calcimetry and TG analysis from SO4 2- content
35 MSWI APC characterization XRD
36 MSWI APC characterization TGA / Gas analysis CaCO 3 Ca(OH) 2 CO 2 evolved
UNIVERSITA` degli STUDI di ROMA TOR VERGATA
Carbonation of minerals and industrial residues for CO 2 storage: perspectives of application in energy generation systems 1 R. Baciocchi, 1 G. Costa, 2 M. Mazzotti, 3 A. Polettini, 3 R.Pomi, 2 V. Prigiobbe
APPENDIX B: EXERCISES
BUILDING CHEMISTRY LABORATORY SESSIONS APPENDIX B: EXERCISES Molecular mass, the mole, and mass percent Relative atomic and molecular mass Relative atomic mass (A r ) is a constant that expresses the ratio
IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS
![IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS](/thumbs/40/20960122.jpg "IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS")
IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS INTRODUCTION Each REACH registrant is required to file its
Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions
Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions 8-1 Describing Chemical Reactions I. Introduction A. Reactants 1. Original substances entering into a chemical rxn B. Products 1. The resulting substances from
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE Prepared at the 28th JECFA (1984), published in FNP 31/2 (1984) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55 th JECFA (2000). An ADI not specified
Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage Using Stabilized Flue Gas Desulfurization Material
Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage Using Stabilized Flue Gas Desulfurization Material W. Wolfe 1, C.-M. Cheng 1, R. Baker 1, T. Butalia 1, J. Massey-Norton 2 1 The Ohio State University, 2 American Electric
Topic 4 National Chemistry Summary Notes. Formulae, Equations, Balancing Equations and The Mole
Topic 4 National Chemistry Summary Notes Formulae, Equations, Balancing Equations and The Mole LI 1 The chemical formula of a covalent molecular compound tells us the number of atoms of each element present
GROUP II ELEMENTS. Beryllium to Barium
1 GROUP II ELEMENTS Beryllium to Barium Introduction Elements in Group I (alkali metals) and Group II (alkaline earths) are known as s-block elements because their valence (bonding) electrons are in s
Experiment 1 Chemical Reactions and Net Ionic Equations
Experiment 1 Chemical Reactions and Net Ionic Equations I. Objective: To predict the products of some displacement reactions and write net ionic equations. II. Chemical Principles: A. Reaction Types. Chemical
ATOMS. Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 3 ATOMS AND MOLECULES Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following correctly represents 360 g of water? (i) 2 moles of H 2 0 (ii) 20 moles of water (iii) 6.022 10 23 molecules of water (iv)
Name: Class: Date: 2 4 (aq)
Name: Class: Date: Unit 4 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The balanced molecular equation for complete neutralization of
Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet
Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet Student Instructions 1. Identify the reactants and products and write a word equation. 2. Write the correct chemical formula for each of the reactants and the products.
Determination of calcium by Standardized EDTA Solution
Determination of calcium by Standardized EDTA Solution Introduction The classic method of determining calcium and other suitable cations is titration with a standardized solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic
2. DECOMPOSITION REACTION ( A couple have a heated argument and break up )
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Most reactions can be classified into one of five categories by examining the types of reactants and products involved in the reaction. Knowing the types of reactions can help
IB Chemistry. DP Chemistry Review
DP Chemistry Review Topic 1: Quantitative chemistry 1.1 The mole concept and Avogadro s constant Assessment statement Apply the mole concept to substances. Determine the number of particles and the amount
Candidate Style Answer
Candidate Style Answer Chemistry A Unit F321 Atoms, Bonds and Groups High banded response This Support Material booklet is designed to accompany the OCR GCE Chemistry A Specimen Paper F321 for teaching
Tutorial 4 SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY. Solution stoichiometry calculations involve chemical reactions taking place in solution.
T-27 Tutorial 4 SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Solution stoichiometry calculations involve chemical reactions taking place in solution. Of the various methods of expressing solution concentration the most convenient
Aqueous Solutions. Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water. A Solute. Types of Chemical Reactions.
Aqueous Solutions and Solution Stoichiometry Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water Water is bent or V-shaped. The O-H bonds are covalent. Water is a polar molecule. Hydration
Preparation of frequently used solutions
Preparation of frequently used solutions Content 1. Diluting Concentrated Acids (Last Login: 08/08/2009) 2. Indicators (Last Login: 27/07/2009) 3. Standard Buffer Solutions (Last Login: 27/07/2009) 4.
Experiment 5. Chemical Reactions A + X AX AX A + X A + BX AX + B AZ + BX AX + BZ
Experiment 5 Chemical Reactions OBJECTIVES 1. To observe the various criteria that are used to indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred. 2. To convert word equations into balanced inorganic chemical
Experiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions
Experiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions A double displacement reaction involves two ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. In a double displacement reaction, it appears as though the ions are
Syllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety of solutions, and classify these as acidic, basic or neutral
Chemistry: 9. Acids and Bases Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OC18 Use litmus or a universal indicator to test a variety
Additional Lecture: TITRATION BASICS
Additional Lecture: TITRATION BASICS 1 Definition and Applications Titration is the incremental addition of a reagent solution (called titrant) to the analyte until the reaction is complete Common applications:
100% ionic compounds do not exist but predominantly ionic compounds are formed when metals combine with non-metals.
2.21 Ionic Bonding 100% ionic compounds do not exist but predominantly ionic compounds are formed when metals combine with non-metals. Forming ions Metal atoms lose electrons to form +ve ions. Non-metal
Solution a homogeneous mixture = A solvent + solute(s) Aqueous solution water is the solvent
Solution a homogeneous mixture = A solvent + solute(s) Aqueous solution water is the solvent Water a polar solvent: dissolves most ionic compounds as well as many molecular compounds Aqueous solution:
6 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
6 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Water is by far the most common medium in which chemical reactions occur naturally. It is not hard to see this: 70% of our body mass is water and about 70% of the surface
Dimethylglyoxime Method Method 10220 0.1 to 6.0 mg/l Ni TNTplus 856
Nickel DOC316.53.01065 Dimethylglyoxime Method Method 10220 0.1 to 6.0 mg/l Ni TNTplus 856 Scope and application: For water and wastewater. Test preparation Instrument-specific information Table 1 shows
Solutions and Dilutions
Learning Objectives Students should be able to: Content Design a procedure for making a particular solution and assess the advantages of different approaches. Choose the appropriate glassware to ensure
1. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of Al is. Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH) 3 (s) + H 2 (g)
1. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of Al is. Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH) (s) + H 2 (g) A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH) (s) + H 2 (g) Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH)
XI. Methods of Analysis DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE CALCULATIONS REAGENTS PROCEDURE
XI. NOTE: An automatic titrator may be utilized for ease of analysis, especially if this test is performed often. Contact Technical Service for further information concerning automatic titration. Methods
Precipitation Titration: Determination of Chloride by the Mohr Method by Dr. Deniz Korkmaz
Precipitation Titration: Determination of Chloride by the Mohr Method by Dr. Deniz Korkmaz Introduction Titration is a process by which the concentration of an unknown substance in solution is determined
Chapter 6 Notes Science 10 Name:
6.1 Types of Chemical Reactions a) Synthesis (A + B AB) Synthesis reactions are also known as reactions. When this occurs two or more reactants (usually elements) join to form a. A + B AB, where A and
Steps for balancing a chemical equation
The Chemical Equation: A Chemical Recipe Dr. Gergens - SD Mesa College A. Learn the meaning of these arrows. B. The chemical equation is the shorthand notation for a chemical reaction. A chemical equation
Hardness - Multivalent metal ions which will form precipitates with soaps. e.g. Ca 2+ + (soap) Ca(soap) 2 (s)
Water Softening (Precipitation Softening) (3 rd DC 178; 4 th DC 235) 1. Introduction Hardness - Multivalent metal ions which will form precipitates with soaps. e.g. Ca 2+ + (soap) Ca(soap) 2 (s) Complexation
Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions. Chapter 8.1
Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chapter 8.1 Objectives List observations that suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place List the requirements for a correctly written chemical equation.
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions I. Describing Chemical Reactions A. A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. A chemical
Redox and Electrochemistry
Name: Thursday, May 08, 2008 Redox and Electrochemistry 1. A diagram of a chemical cell and an equation are shown below. When the switch is closed, electrons will flow from 1. the Pb(s) to the Cu(s) 2+
HS 1003 Part 2 HS 1003 Heavy Metals Test
HS 1003 Heavy Metals Test 1. Purpose This test method is used to analyse the heavy metal content in an aliquot portion of stabilised hot acetic acid extract by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Note:
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA For ionic compounds, the chemical formula must be worked out. You will no longer have the list of ions in the exam (like at GCSE). Instead you must learn some and work out others.
Lab #13: Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions
Lab #13: Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions Objectives: 1. To understand the rationale and the procedure behind the separation for various cations and anions. 2. To perform qualitative analysis
SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001
SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001 1. A small pin contains 0.0178 mol of iron. How many atoms of iron are in the pin? 2. A sample
Chapter 13 Properties of liquids
Chapter 13 Properties of liquids 1 over 75% of earth is covered with water water supports and enhance life in chemistry, water provides the medium of numerous reactions 13.1 What is a liquid? liquids lie
Santa Monica College Chemistry 11
Types of Reactions Objectives The objectives of this laboratory are as follows: To perform and observe the results of a variety of chemical reactions. To become familiar with the observable signs of chemical
Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory sample (Part 1 Material & Methods) Work Package 6 Task 6.4
Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory sample (Part 1 Material & Methods) Work Package 6 Task 6.4 Validation of prcen/ts 15413 (WI 343027) Paolo de Zorzi APAT - Italian Environmental
Stoichiometry. 1. The total number of moles represented by 20 grams of calcium carbonate is (1) 1; (2) 2; (3) 0.1; (4) 0.2.
Stoichiometry 1 The total number of moles represented by 20 grams of calcium carbonate is (1) 1; (2) 2; (3) 01; (4) 02 2 A 44 gram sample of a hydrate was heated until the water of hydration was driven
PECTINS. SYNONYMS INS No. 440 DEFINITION DESCRIPTION. FUNCTIONAL USES Gelling agent, thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier CHARACTERISTICS
PECTINS SYNONYMS INS No. 440 Prepared at the 71 st JECFA (2009) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 7 (2009), superseding specifications prepared at the 68 th JECFA (2007) and published in FAO JECFA
MOLARITY = (moles solute) / (vol.solution in liter units)
CHEM 101/105 Stoichiometry, as applied to Aqueous Solutions containing Ionic Solutes Lect-05 MOLES - a quantity of substance. Quantities of substances can be expressed as masses, as numbers, or as moles.
Experiment 12- Classification of Matter Experiment
Experiment 12- Classification of Matter Experiment Matter can be classified into two groups: mixtures and pure substances. Mixtures are the most common form of matter and consist of mixtures of pure substances.
Limiting Reagent Worksheet #1
Limiting Reagent Worksheet #1 1. Given the following reaction: (Balance the equation first!) C 3 H 8 + O 2 -------> CO 2 + H 2 O a) If you start with 14.8 g of C 3 H 8 and 3.44 g of O 2, determine the
General Chemistry Lab Experiment 6 Types of Chemical Reaction
General Chemistry Lab Experiment 6 Types of Chemical Reaction Introduction Most ordinary chemical reactions can be classified as one of five basic types. The first type of reaction occurs when two or more
Periodic Table, Valency and Formula
Periodic Table, Valency and Formula Origins of the Periodic Table Mendelѐѐv in 1869 proposed that a relationship existed between the chemical properties of elements and their atomic masses. He noticed
HYDRATES 2009 by David A. Katz. All Rights reserved. Reproduction permitted for education use provided original copyright is included.
HYDRATES 2009 by David A. Katz. All Rights reserved. Reproduction permitted for education use provided original copyright is included. OBJECTIVE In this experiment, the properties of a hydrated compound
Unit 6 The Mole Concept
Chemistry Form 3 Page 62 Ms. R. Buttigieg Unit 6 The Mole Concept See Chemistry for You Chapter 28 pg. 352-363 See GCSE Chemistry Chapter 5 pg. 70-79 6.1 Relative atomic mass. The relative atomic mass
EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE CHEMISTRY EDEXCEL CERTIFICATE IN CHEMISTRY ANSWERS SECTION E
EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL GCSE CHEMISTRY EDEXCEL CERTIFICATE IN CHEMISTRY ANSWERS SECTION E (To save endless repetition, wherever they are included, comments are intended for homeschooling parents who may
NAMING QUIZ 3 - Part A Name: 1. Zinc (II) Nitrate. 5. Silver (I) carbonate. 6. Aluminum acetate. 8. Iron (III) hydroxide
NAMING QUIZ 3 - Part A Name: Write the formulas for the following compounds: 1. Zinc (II) Nitrate 2. Manganese (IV) sulfide 3. Barium permanganate 4. Sulfuric acid 5. Silver (I) carbonate 6. Aluminum acetate
Stoichiometry Review
Stoichiometry Review There are 20 problems in this review set. Answers, including problem set-up, can be found in the second half of this document. 1. N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) --------> 2NH 3 (g) a. nitrogen
Molarity of Ions in Solution
APPENDIX A Molarity of Ions in Solution ften it is necessary to calculate not only the concentration (in molarity) of a compound in aqueous solution but also the concentration of each ion in aqueous solution.
Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds
Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds are composed of ions. An ion is an atom or molecule with an electrical charge. Monatomic ions are formed from single atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry
Experiment No. Date OXIDATION-REDUCTION TITRATIONS-Permanganometry INTRODUCTION Potassium permanganate, KMnO 4, is probably the most widely used of all volumetric oxidizing agents. It is a powerful oxidant
4.0 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDES
4.0 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDES Sl. No. Contents Preamble 4.1 Aim 4.2 Introduction 4.2.1 Environmental Significance 4.3 Principle 4.4 Materials Required 4.4.1 Apparatus Required 4.4.2 Chemicals
Atoms and Elements. Atoms: Learning Goals. Chapter 3. Atoms and Elements; Isotopes and Ions; Minerals and Rocks. Clicker 1. Chemistry Background?
Chapter 3 Atoms Atoms and Elements; Isotopes and Ions; Minerals and Rocks A Review of Chemistry: What geochemistry tells us Clicker 1 Chemistry Background? A. No HS or College Chemistry B. High School
Nomenclature and Formulas of Ionic Compounds. Section I: Writing the Name from the Formula
Purpose: Theory: Nomenclature and Formulas of Ionic Compounds 1. To become familiar with the rules of chemical nomenclature, based on the classification of compounds. 2. To write the proper name of the
EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield INTRODUCTION Stoichiometry calculations are about calculating the amounts of substances that react and form in a chemical reaction. The word stoichiometry
Moles. Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities Equations
Moles Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities Equations Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass is the mass of an
CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF EVERYDAY HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS
CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF EVERYDAY HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS Purpose: It is important for chemists to be able to determine the composition of unknown chemicals. This can often be done by way of chemical tests.
DigiBlock Sample Preparation System APPLICATION NOTES LABTECH INC. Your Lab, Our Tech
E D 3 6 & E H D 3 6 DigiBlock Sample Preparation System APPLICATION NOTES LABTECH INC. Your Lab, Our Tech CONTENT 1 ENVIRONMENTAL... 5 1.1 SOIL... 5 1.2 WASTE WATER... 6 2 FOOD... 7 2.1 RICE... 7 2.2
Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate
Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate Objectives: Challenge: Students should be able to - recognize evidence(s) of a chemical change - convert word equations into formula equations - perform
Chapter 16: Tests for ions and gases
The position of hydrogen in the reactivity series Hydrogen, although not a metal, is included in the reactivity series because it, like metals, can be displaced from aqueous solution, only this time the
Chapter 3: Stoichiometry
Chapter 3: Stoichiometry Key Skills: Balance chemical equations Predict the products of simple combination, decomposition, and combustion reactions. Calculate formula weights Convert grams to moles and
CLASS TEST GRADE 11. PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY Test 6: Chemical change
CLASS TEST GRADE PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY Test 6: Chemical change MARKS: 45 TIME: hour INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION. Answer ALL the questions. 2. You may use non-programmable calculators. 3. You may
W1 WORKSHOP ON STOICHIOMETRY
INTRODUCTION W1 WORKSHOP ON STOICHIOMETRY These notes and exercises are designed to introduce you to the basic concepts required to understand a chemical formula or equation. Relative atomic masses of
ACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND
#3. Acid - Base Titrations 27 EXPERIMENT 3. ACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND Carbonate Equilibria In this experiment a solution of hydrochloric
Formulas, Equations and Moles
Chapter 3 Formulas, Equations and Moles Interpreting Chemical Equations You can interpret a balanced chemical equation in many ways. On a microscopic level, two molecules of H 2 react with one molecule
Chemical Reactions in Water Ron Robertson
Chemical Reactions in Water Ron Robertson r2 f:\files\courses\1110-20\2010 possible slides for web\waterchemtrans.doc Properties of Compounds in Water Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes Water soluble compounds
HOW TO MAKE STANDARD SOLUTIONS FOR CHEMISTRY
HOW TO MAKE STANDARD SOLUTIONS FOR CHEMISTRY Phillip Bigelow Chemists make two common types of "standard solutions": Molar solutions Normal solutions Both of these solutions are concentrations (or strengths
Chemical Equations. Chemical Equations. Chemical reactions describe processes involving chemical change
Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Chemical reactions describe processes involving chemical change The chemical change involves rearranging matter Converting one or more pure substances into new pure
Chemistry 51 Chapter 8 TYPES OF SOLUTIONS. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two substances: a solute and a solvent.
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two substances: a solute and a solvent. Solute: substance being dissolved; present in lesser amount. Solvent: substance doing the dissolving; present
NET IONIC EQUATIONS. A balanced chemical equation can describe all chemical reactions, an example of such an equation is:
NET IONIC EQUATIONS A balanced chemical equation can describe all chemical reactions, an example of such an equation is: NaCl + AgNO 3 AgCl + NaNO 3 In this case, the simple formulas of the various reactants
Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions
Chapter 7 Page 1 Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction: a process in which at least one new substance is formed as the result of a chemical change. A + B C + D Reactants Products Evidence that
Decomposition. Composition
Decomposition 1. Solid ammonium carbonate is heated. 2. Solid calcium carbonate is heated. 3. Solid calcium sulfite is heated in a vacuum. Composition 1. Barium oxide is added to distilled water. 2. Phosphorus
David A. Katz Chemist, Educator, Science Communicator, and Consultant Department of Chemistry, Pima Community College
WRITING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 2004, 2002, 1989 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for classroom used provided original copyright is included. David A. Katz Chemist, Educator, Science Communicator,
Continuous process of sodium bicarbonate production by Solvay method
Continuous process of sodium bicarbonate production by Solvay method Manual to experiment nr 10 Instructor: Dr Tomasz S. Pawłowski 1 Goal of the experiment The goal of the experiment is introduction of
JUNIOR COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT 21 SECOND YEAR PRACTICAL. Name: Group: Date: THE CHEMISTRY OF COPPER AND IRON
JUNIOR COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT 21 SECOND YEAR PRACTICAL Name: Group: Date: COPPER THE CHEMISTRY OF COPPER AND IRON 1. To a solution of Cu 2+ ions add aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat the
Solubility of Salts - Ksp. Ksp Solubility
Solubility of Salts - Ksp We now focus on another aqueous equilibrium system, slightly soluble salts. These salts have a Solubility Product Constant, K sp. (We saw this in 1B with the sodium tetraborate
1. Read P. 368-375, P. 382-387 & P. 429-436; P. 375 # 1-11 & P. 389 # 1,7,9,12,15; P. 436 #1, 7, 8, 11
SCH3U- R.H.KING ACADEMY SOLUTION & ACID/BASE WORKSHEET Name: The importance of water - MAKING CONNECTION READING 1. Read P. 368-375, P. 382-387 & P. 429-436; P. 375 # 1-11 & P. 389 # 1,7,9,12,15; P. 436
EXPERIMENT 12: Empirical Formula of a Compound
EXPERIMENT 12: Empirical Formula of a Compound INTRODUCTION Chemical formulas indicate the composition of compounds. A formula that gives only the simplest ratio of the relative number of atoms in a compound
Sampling and preparation of heterogeneous waste fuels?
Sampling and preparation of heterogeneous waste fuels? Is it possible to accomplish a representative and relevant composition data? Evalena Wikström, Lennart Gustavsson and Jolanta Franke Aim of the project
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTING MASSES AND VOLUMES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTING MASSES AND VOLUMES The meaning of stoichiometric coefficients: 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 H 2 O(l) number of reacting particles 2 molecules of hydrogen react with 1 molecule
DEIONIZATION IN A "NUT SHELL"
Deionized Water (DI) DEIONIZATION IN A "NUT SHELL" City water is passed through dark amber colored, caviar sized plastic beads called cation ion exchange resin. The cation resin is in the hydrogen form
ION EXCHANGE FOR DUMMIES. An introduction
ION EXCHANGE FOR DUMMIES An introduction Water Water is a liquid. Water is made of water molecules (formula H 2 O). All natural waters contain some foreign substances, usually in small amounts. The water
Chemical Calculations: Formula Masses, Moles, and Chemical Equations
Chemical Calculations: Formula Masses, Moles, and Chemical Equations Atomic Mass & Formula Mass Recall from Chapter Three that the average mass of an atom of a given element can be found on the periodic
Cattura e stoccaggio a lungo termine della CO 2 via mineralizzazione
Cattura e stoccaggio a lungo termine della CO 2 via mineralizzazione The long-term sequestration of CO 2 in solid form: the application of nesquehonite as a complementary solution VINCENZO FERRINI, CATERINA
Chapter 5. Chemical Reactions and Equations. Introduction. Chapter 5 Topics. 5.1 What is a Chemical Reaction
Introduction Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical reactions occur all around us. How do we make sense of these changes? What patterns can we find? 1 2 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,
ANALYTICAL REPORT LABORATORY DETAILS. Telephone Facsimile Email. SGS Reference Report Number Date Reported Date Received
ANALYTICAL REPORT CLIENT DETAILS Contact Client Address Matthew Behre SGS Metallurgical Services 431 Victoria Street Malaga MALAGA WA 6090 LABORATORY DETAILS Manager Laboratory Address Said Hirad SGS Newburn
Chem101: General Chemistry Lecture 9 Acids and Bases
: General Chemistry Lecture 9 Acids and Bases I. Introduction A. In chemistry, and particularly biochemistry, water is the most common solvent 1. In studying acids and bases we are going to see that water
PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL COMMERCIAL LIME PRODUCTS. Quicklimes High Calcium Dolomitic
National Lime Association L I M E The Versatile Chemical Fact Sheet PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL COMMERCIAL LIME PRODUCTS Quicklimes High Calcium Dolomitic Primary Constituents CaO CaO MgO Specific Gravity 3.2-3.4
Chemistry at Work. How Chemistry is used in the Water Service
Chemistry at Work How Chemistry is used in the Water Service WATER TREATMENT Everyday, more than 100 water treatment works in Northern Ireland put approximately 680 million litres of water into the supply
Balancing Chemical Equations Practice
Science Objectives Students will describe what reactants and products in a chemical equation mean. Students will explain the difference between coefficients and subscripts in chemical equations. Students
Formulae, stoichiometry and the mole concept
3 Formulae, stoichiometry and the mole concept Content 3.1 Symbols, Formulae and Chemical equations 3.2 Concept of Relative Mass 3.3 Mole Concept and Stoichiometry Learning Outcomes Candidates should be
Chemistry: Chemical Equations
Chemistry: Chemical Equations Write a balanced chemical equation for each word equation. Include the phase of each substance in the equation. Classify the reaction as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement,