Social health insurance in Belgium. Charlotte Wilgos & Thomas Rousseau
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1 Social health insurance in Belgium Charlotte Wilgos & Thomas Rousseau Attachés NIHDI
2 Content History Today Values Organizational overview Financial overview Evolutions and challenges
3 Content History Today Values Organizational overview Financial overview Evolutions and challenges
4 History Before industrial revolution Traditional solidarity 1 st industrial revolution (19 th century) Factory work Sickness funds Private initiative Optional affiliation Principle: Solidarization of disease / invalidity consequences
5 History Economic crisis (end of 19 th century) Grant given by State to sickness funds Structuring in Health insurance funds Insurance for wage earners (optional affiliation) Interwar period Compulsory insurances
6 History Decree-law of 28 December 1944 Solidarity agreement Wage earners Employers State Social peace Solidarity Compulsory sickness invalidity insurance Equal representation
7 History Regent's Decree of 21 March 1945 Financing Contributions from wage earners Contributions from employers Subsidies from the State Administration Health insurance funds Functioning The National Fund for Sickness and Invalidity Insurance (NFHDI)
8 History Law of 9 August 1963 NFHDI NIHDI National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance 4 Specific Services + General Support Departments (Committee) General Board Equal representation: health providers Conventions Law of 14 July 1994 Organization and regulation of the compulsory health care and benefits (HCB) insurance
9 History Law of 26 July 1996 Modernisation of the Social Security Sustainable financial balance Alternative financing Financial responsibility of the Health insurance funds Administrative simplification Service improvement Intensification of the control Standard of living preservation / improvement for people exclusively depending on social benefits
10 Content History Today Values Organizational overview Financial overview Evolutions and challenges
11 Today - Reimbursement Fees Doctor, dentist, physiotherapist, wheelchair,... Insured people/ patients Affiliation Reimbursement = fee - PATIENT S CONTRIBUTION Health insurance funds
12 Today Third party paying Patient s contribution Insured people/ patients Health care providers
13 Content History Today Values Organizational overview Financial overview Evolutions and challenges
14 Values Social Security: 2 models Bismarck Beveridge
15 Values Bismarck (Germany end of 19 th century) Social security Work (Compulsory for poor wage earners) Management: Equal representation (+ State control) Financing: Employers + wage earners Contribution proportional to incomes
16 Values Beveridge (England 20 th century) Social security Everyone State management Every social risk Financing: Taxes
17 Values Social Security Belgium: Bismarck but not 100% Financing: Contributions employers + wage earners Taxes
18 Values Universality WHAT? 100% Population coverage HOW? No risk selection Compulsory insurance Accessibility (financial, geographical, )
19 Values Solidarity WHAT? Rich Poor Healthy Sick Young Elderly HOW? Financing by the community Co-Decision (trade unions, health insurance funds, employers organizations and government) about the functioning of the system.
20 Values Equity ( Equality!) WHAT? Healthcare proportional to the needs Costs not proportional to the healthcare HOW? Contribution proportional to incomes Personal contribution proportional to incomes
21 Values Freedom of choice WHAT? Choices are not imposed by the State of the system HOW? Free choice of the national insurance fund Free choice of the healthcare provider (Global Medical File) Free choice of the treatment
22 Content History Today Values Organizational overview Financial overview Evolutions and challenges
23 Organizational overview Health system in Belgium: centralization and decentralization Organization of the social health insurance 1. Regulation 2. Execution 3. Control
24 Health system in Belgium: Centralization and decentralization Federal level General legislative framework Planning and financing Regional level Health promotion and preventive health care Implementation norms and standards for hospitals and rest homes Accreditation criteria for home care services Local level Public hygiene Controlling authenticity of diplomas of health providers Social support for low-income groups Organization of emergency care and public hospitals
25 Organization of the social health insurance : 1. Regulation Federal Public Services NIHDI
26 Organization of the social health insurance : 1. Regulation -Federal Public Services FPS Public Health Recognition of the health care providers Hospital regulation FPS Economy Determination of the medicine price Federal Pharmaceuticals and Health Products Agency Pharmaceutical inspection Registration of medicines and medical devices Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre ( KCE ) Scientific support of the federal government health policy
27 Organization of the social health insurance : 1. Regulation - NIHDI Tasks General organization of the compulsory health insurance Financial management of the compulsory health insurance Preparing and implementation the legislation and regulation Organizing the consultation between the different actors involved in the compulsory health insurance
28 Organization of the social health insurance : 1. Regulation - NIHDI Decision-making process: : Decisions following consultation!!!
29 Organization of the social health insurance : 1. Regulation NIHDI Differents stages of consultation Prepatory consultation Sectorial consultation Management consultation
30 Consultation Minister of Social Affairs General Board Insurance Committee Conventions and agreements commissions Technical Boards Working groups
31 Prepatory consultation Minister of Social Affairs General Board Insurance Committee Conventions and agreements commissions Technical Boards Working groups
32 Example: Technical Board for Wheelchair Chairman 7 Health insurance funds 2 Patients 2 Industry 7 Wheelchair Providers 4 Doctors 4 Experts 4 Regional communities
33 Example: Technical Board for Wheelchair Chairman 7 Health insurance funds 2 Patients 2 Industry 7 Wheelchair Providers 4 Doctors 4 Experts 4 Regional communities
34 Sectorial consultation Minister of Social Affairs General Board Insurance Committee Conventions and agreements commissions Technical Boards Working groups
35 Example: Convention commission Opticians Chairman 7 Health insurance funds 7 Opticians
36 Example: Convention commission Opticians Chairman 7 Health insurance funds 7 Opticians Consensus!!!
37 Management consultation Minister of Social Affairs General Board Insurance Committee Conventions and agreements commissions Technical Boards Working groups
38 General Board Chairman 5 Government 5 Health insurance funds 5 Employees 5 Employers 8 Health providers
39 General Board Chairman 5 Government 5 Health insurance funds 5 Employees 5 Employers 8 Health providers
40 Insurance Committee Chairman 7 Doctors 2 Pharmacists 3 Employees 21 Health insurance funds 1 Dentist 2 Hospitals 3 Employers 4 Government 6 Physiotherapists, nurses, paramedics
41 Insurance Committee Chairman 7 Doctors 2 Pharmacists 3 Employees 21 Health insurance funds 1 Dentist 2 Hospitals 3 Employers 4 Government 6 Physiotherapists, nurses, paramedics
42 Consultation Minister of Social Affairs General Board Insurance Committee Conventions and agreements commissions Technical Boards Working groups
43 Organization of the social health insurance : 2. execution Sickness funds Reimbursement to all persons insured Information to the patient
44 Organization of the social health insurance : 3. control Sickness funds NIHDI Administrative control Medical evaluation and control (reality/conformity and overconsumption)
45 Content History Today Values Organizational overview Financial overview Evolutions and challenges
46 Financial overview Sources of Funding Expenditure
47 Financial overview: Sources of funding 3 social security schemes: Annual budget for Social Security 70 billions Wage-earners Self-employed persons Civil servants 55.8 billions 4.5 billions 10 billions!! Annual Budget of the federal state 2007 = +/- 162 billions!!
48 Financial overview: Sources of funding The General System Social contributions Subsidies government Alternative financing 25,29% 64,14% 10,57% National Office for Social Security NPO NIHDI NOFA NEO FAW FOD NOAV
49 Financial overview: Sources of funding Social contributions 65,76% 65,44% 64,90% 64,14% Subsidies 11,53% 11,31% 10,81% 10,57% Alternative financing 22,71% 23,25% 24,28% 25,29%
50 Financial overview: Expenditures for social risks : 23%
51 Mexico Turkey Social health insurance in Belgium Financial overview: Health expenditures as a share (%) of GDP, ,2 8,9 USA France Switserland Germany Belgium Canada Austria Portugal Netherlands Denmark Greece Iceland New-Zealand Sweden OECD Norway Italy Australia Spain United Kingdom Finland Japan Slovakia Ierland Hungary Luxembourg Korea Czeh Republic Poland % of GDP
52 Financial overview: Expenditures of the social health insurance 2008 Other stays 12,07% Rest 2,69% MAF 1,34% Doctors 29,78% Hospital care 21,19% Nurses 4,61% Paramedici 3,49% Dentists 3,24% Physiotherapists 2,47% Medicines 19,11%
53 Financial overview: Public sector health expenditure as % of total health expenditure ,45 73,8 75,47 75,54 71,2 71,4 Belgium EU WHO estimates
54 Content History Today Values Organizational overview Financial overview Evolutions and challenges
55 Evolutions and challenges: Belgian social health insurance today Qualitatively good health care Freedom of choice No waiting lists Wide access to care Private expenditures are limited Satisfaction of population Internationally comparable level of expenditure
56 Evolutions and challenges: Belgian social health insurance today Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (2006): Belgium has the best healthcare in the world. It s a frequently heard statement. We can t prove this because we don t measure the quality of our healthcare on a systematic way.
57 Evolutions and challenges: Trends in health care expenditures ( ) Budget Health care (billion EUR)
58 Evolutions and challenges: Trends in health care expenditures - Explanations Europe: Demographic ageing of the population Growth of new technologies and treatment Improved wellbeing and a better standard of living
59 Evolutions and challenges: Trends in health care expenditures - Explanations Belgium: Means logic i/o results logic: growth norm Fee-for-services in the ambulatory sector Prevention
60 Evolutions and challenges: three long-term objectives Accessibility Improvement of quality Financial viability
61 Questions?
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